bivouac

英 ['bɪvʊæk; 'bɪvwæk] 美['bɪvuæk]

畅通词汇

复数: bivouacs;第三人称单数: bivouacks;过去式: bivouacked;过去分词: bivouacked;现在分词: bivouacking;

bivouac 临时露营

法语词。前缀bi-, 二。-vouac, 词源同watch, 看。指轮流看守。

bivouac: bivouac: [18] Bivouac appears to be of Swiss- German origin. The early 19th-century writer Stalder noted that the term beiwacht (bei ‘additional’ + wacht ‘guard’ – a relative of English watch and wake) was used in Aargau and Zürich for a sort of band of vigilantes who assisted the regular town guard. Beiwacht was borrowed into French as bivac, and came to English in a later form bivouac.

Its original application in English was to an army remaining on the alert during the night, to guard against surprise attack; in so doing, of course, the soldiers did not go to sleep in their tents, and from this the term bivouac spread to ‘improvised, temporary camp’, without the luxury of regular tents.
=> wake, watch
bivouac (n.): 1702, from French bivouac (17c.), ultimately from Swiss/Alsatian biwacht "night guard," from bei- "double, additional" + wacht "guard" (see wait (v.)). Original meaning was an army that stayed up on night watch; sense of "outdoor camp" is 1853. Not a common word in English before the Napoleonic Wars. Italian bivacco is from French. As a verb, 1809, "to post troops in the night;" meaning "camp out of doors" is from 1814.

1. The company was supposed to bivouac overnight and then return to the post the next day.: 预期这个连当天在野外露营,次日返回驻地.

2. While in bivouac, we spent the night in our sleeping bags under the stars.: 在临时宿营地, 我们就头顶星星,躺在睡袋里过夜.

3. In the world's broad field of battle, In the bivouac of Life.: 在这人生的宿营地, 在这辽阔的世界战场.